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| LETTER TO THE EDITOR |
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| Year : 2022 | Volume
: 34
| Issue : 2 | Page : 191 |
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Atypical presentation of multiple sclerosis – A few points to ponder
Anisha T Augustin
Department of Ophthalmology, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| Date of Submission | 14-Jul-2022 |
| Date of Decision | 20-Jul-2022 |
| Date of Acceptance | 13-Aug-2022 |
| Date of Web Publication | 30-Aug-2022 |
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Anisha T Augustin
Madona, Thiruppady lane, Mannuthy, Thrissur – 680 651, Kerala
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/kjo.kjo_85_22
How to cite this article:
Augustin AT. Atypical presentation of multiple sclerosis – A few points to ponder. Kerala J Ophthalmol 2022;34:191 |
The article by Dr. Aishwarya Angadi has brilliantly highlighted how multiple sclerosis can present as unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia. The author has meticulously examined the patient and presented it along with the detailed neurological findings. Early detection of multiple sclerosis can go a long way in reducing the morbidity of the disease through timely treatment and intervention.
From an academic point of view, there are a few points that I would like to contribute.
- Since the patient complained of visual blurring, subclinical optic neuritis should have been ruled out with a visually evoked potential test.[1]
- In the cerebrospinal fluid study, the number of oligoclonal bands is significant for the prognosis of multiple sclerosis.[2]
- In a case of multiple sclerosis, NeuroMyelitis Optica Immunoglobulin G (NMOIgG) and anti-Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (anti-MOG) antibody should be tested.[3],[4],[5]
- Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) should fulfil McDonald's criteria to qualify as those of multiple sclerosis.
- MRI orbit is relevant in this case. Also, MRI brainstem should show lesions in the medial longitudinal fasciculus to explain the internuclear ophthalmoplegia.
- As this patient was positive for Anti Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA), autoimmune vasculitis should also be ruled out.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References | |  |
| 1. | Zafeiropoulos P, Katsanos A, Kitsos G, Stefaniotou M, Asproudis I. The contribution of multifocal visual evoked potentials in patients with optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis: A review. Doc Ophthalmol 2020;142:283-92.  |
| 2. | Dalla Costa G, Passerini G, Messina M, Moiola L, Rodegher M, Colombo B, et al. Clinical significance of the number of oligoclonal bands in patients with clinically isolated syndromes. J Neuroimmunol 2015;289:62-7. |
| 3. | Dave D, Khan F, Rohatgi S, Nirhale S, Rao P, Naphade P. Atypical Multiple Sclerosis with Antibody to MOG. Neurol India 2020;68:1235-7. [ PUBMED] [Full text] |
| 4. | Dolbec K, Chalkley J, Sudhakar P. Atypical MOG antibody disease presenting with typical multiple sclerosis lesions. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020;44:102342. |
| 5. | Lana-Peixoto MA, Talim N. Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder and Anti-MOG Syndromes. Biomedicines 2019;7:42. |
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